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Infants younger than 6 months old have the highest risk of being hospitalized from the flu compared to children of other ages. Because their immune systems are still developing, common viruses can affect them more easily. When they get sick, their smaller airways can become blocked, they have to work harder to breathe, and they get tired more quickly.

Babies also may not show typical flu symptoms, which can make it harder for parents to recognize when they need medical care. While older children and adults with the flu usually have runny noses, sneezing, coughing, and fever, babies may show different signs. They might be fussy and hard to calm down, not want to eat or drink, have trouble breastfeeding or taking a bottle, seem very tired, or breathe fast. Since babies get sick differently, it's very important for parents to trust their gut feelings and call their child's doctor when something doesn't seem right.

When it comes to protecting your baby from the flu, understanding the facts about vaccination can help you make informed decisions that feel right for your family. The CDC recommends that everyone 6 months and older get a flu vaccine each year. The flu vaccine can reduce the risk of flu illness, hospitalization, and death in children. Talk with your pediatrician about timing and what's best for your child's specific health needs.

Since flu vaccines aren't FDA-approved for babies under 6 months, protecting them requires different strategies:

• Family and Caregiver Vaccination: When the adults and older children around your baby are vaccinated, it creates what's called a "protective circle." This helps reduce the chances of the flu reaching your baby.

• Vaccination During Pregnancy: Some expectant mothers choose to get the flu vaccine during pregnancy, which can provide antibodies to babies in the womb or through breast milk after they’re born. These antibodies can help reduce the risk of infants being hospitalized from the flu. Getting vaccinated during pregnancy can also help reduce an expectant mother’s risk of hospitalization for respiratory illness during flu season.

• Other Considerations: Every family's situation is different. Some parents have concerns about vaccines, while others see them as essential protection. Whatever you're thinking, your pediatrician can help discuss:

  • Your baby's individual risk factors

  • The current flu activity in your community

  • Any specific health conditions in your family

  • Alternative protection strategies

Having open, honest conversations with your healthcare provider about what will keep your baby healthiest can help give you peace of mind as a parent.

Creating a healthy environment at home is your first line of defense against cold and flu viruses. Here are practical steps you can take:

• Hand Hygiene:

  • Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently, especially before picking up your baby.

  • Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

  • Make sure all family members and visitors wash their hands before touching your baby.

• Limit Exposure:

  • Keep your baby away from people who are sick as much as possible.

  • Avoid crowded places during peak flu season when possible.

  • Be cautious about visitors, especially during the first few months of your baby's life.

• Clean Environment:

  • Clean frequently touched surfaces like countertops, handrails, and doorknobs regularly.

  • Improve air quality by increasing airflow and ventilation in your home.

  • Consider using air purifiers in your baby's room.

• Family Health:

  • If you or other family members develop flu symptoms, minimize contact with the baby as much as possible.

  • Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue or your forearm when sneezing or coughing.

  • Consider wearing a face mask when caring for your baby if you're feeling unwell.

Proper clothing helps keep your baby comfortable and may support their immune system by preventing them from getting too cold or overheated.

• Layering Guidelines:

  • Dress your baby in one more layer than you would wear in the same conditions.

  • Use breathable fabrics, like cotton, for the layer closest to the baby's skin.

  • Add warm outer layers like fleece or wool when going outside.

• Key Areas to Keep Warm:

  • Head: Babies lose a lot of heat through their heads, so use a hat that covers their ears.

  • Hands and feet: Use mittens and warm socks or booties.

  • Core: Keep the chest and back warm with appropriate layers.

• Safety Considerations:

  • Remove extra layers when going indoors to prevent overheating.

  • Check that clothing isn't too tight around the neck, wrists, or ankles.

  • Avoid loose blankets in the crib—use sleep sacks instead for safe warmth during sleep.

• Signs of Proper Temperature:

  • Feel your baby's chest or back of the neck. It should feel warm but not sweaty.

  • Cold hands and feet are normal, but if the chest feels cold, add layers.

  • If your baby seems fussy, check if they're too hot or too cold.

Recognizing when your baby needs medical attention can be difficult if you’re unsure of the signs to look for. Like adults, some common flu symptoms in babies are chills, body aches, sore throat, dry cough, and a stuffy or runny nose. Those symptoms can get missed and mistaken for unusual fussiness. So here are some key things to watch for during flu season.

• Call Your Doctor Right Away If Your Baby Has:

  • Any fever (if your baby’s under 12 weeks old)

  • A fever above 104°F (if your baby’s over 12 weeks old)

  • Difficulty breathing or unusually rapid breathing

  • Pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, lips, or nail beds

  • Signs of dehydration (no wet diapers for 8 hours, dry mouth, no tears when crying)

• Emergency Warning Signs:

  • Ribs looking like they pull in with each breath

  • Chest pain or severe muscle pain

  • While awake, your child is not alert or interacting with you

  • Seizures

  • Fever or cough that seem to improve but then return or worsen

  • Vomiting or diarrhea

If your baby shows any emergency warning signs, seek medical care immediately. Trust your instincts if something seems wrong with your baby.

Being prepared before illness strikes can help you care for your baby more effectively and reduce stress during difficult times.

• Essential Supplies:

  • Digital thermometer

  • Saline drops for stuffy noses

  • Bulb syringe or nasal aspirator

  • Humidifier or vaporizer for baby's room

  • Extra fluids (breast milk, formula, or electrolyte solutions as recommended by your doctor)

• Comfort Items:

  • Extra soft blankets and clothing

  • Favorite pacifiers or comfort objects

  • Books or quiet toys for when baby feels a bit better

  • Rocking chair or comfortable spot for extra cuddle time

• Important Information to Keep Handy:

  • Your pediatrician's phone number and after-hours contact information

  • Nearest urgent care or emergency room locations

  • Your baby's medical history and current medications (if any)

  • Insurance information

• Creating a Care Plan:

  • Know when to call your doctor versus when to seek emergency care

  • Have a plan for who can help care for your baby if you get sick

  • Keep your baby's routine as normal as possible, even when they're feeling unwell

  • Remember that extra rest and fluids are often the best medicine

Preparing for cold and flu season doesn't have to be overwhelming. Although babies are more vulnerable to respiratory illnesses, most recover completely with proper care and attention. By taking preventive steps, staying informed about warning signs, and having supplies ready, you're giving your baby the best protection possible.

When it comes to your baby's health, remember that seeking medical advice early is better than waiting. Your pediatrician is your best resource for guidance specific to your child's needs and health history.